More interesting stuff from the book I mentioned in a previous post. Different ways of dealing with war, foreign policy, and the difficulties of consensus building make for very interesting contrasts among the different presidents. It is especially interesting now that we are approaching the end of the Bush Jr. administration, and we can begin to contemplate what his legacy will be like. I am not a particular fan of his, but he was reelected, so I am curious how positively or negatively he will be viewed through the fuzzy lens of history. More of the passages I run into in this book make me think that he will not be viewed very positively.
Our most successful wartime presidents have been those who systematically built a consensus in the Congress, the press, and the country before taking up arms, just as the most ineffective leaders have been those who tried to impose a military policy on the nation in which it didn't believe. The freedom allowed America's chiefs in the making of war and crafting of peace has also burdened them with considerable risks, and it is in this arena at the reputations of some of the country's most and least successful presidents have been made. (p. 109)
The defeat of Wilson's peace plans in 1919 made an indelible impression on [FDR], for he learned that no leader could ignore the vital connection between domestic opinion and conduct of international relations. As president, he lived by the proposition that an effective policy abroad required a supporting consensus at home. (p. 114)
Apart from the Spanish American war in 1898, the Persian Gulf struggle, in large part because it lasted nearly 6 weeks and cost only 350 American lives... [George Bush Sr.] wisdom in establishing national and international support for an American military action of this magnitude provided an instructive contrast to the many instances of 20th-century gunboat and secret diplomacy, which did more to erode confidence in the countries democratic institutions than to advance the national interest. (p. 119)